About the tribe Hori
"Out Genghis Khan,
A Hori remain -
Tenacious tribe at all times.
Is it Asian open spaces to wander?
And drank the cup of nomads
to the bottom. "
Bair Dugarov
Content:
Introduction
The origin of Hori Buryats
Flags and Coat of Arms
Legends of Hori-Buryat: Babzha Baras Baatar
The symbolic expression of
traditional culture Hori.
Color symbolism
Symbolism of numbers
Symbolism of happiness
Introduction
Background
research we see in the growth of traditional Buryat existing interest in the
ancestors, ancestry, tribal entities, small home.
The Buryats are one of the ethnic groups that
make Mongolian language and historical and cultural community.
Modern Buryats are not only often successful at
reproducing their memory pedigrees, but also often call themselves ehirit,
bulagat, hongodor, Hori. The composition and meaning of these groups, in our
opinion, deserves to be the subject of a separate study.
Appeal to the topic is also due to the revival
and development of the national culture, ethnic traditions, and the growing
interest in religious cult concepts, various forms of performance of rites and
rituals.
The origin of Hori Buryats
The book "The Secret History of the
Mongols," says: "The ancestor of Genghis Khan Bүrte-Shono lived with
his wife Gua Maral in the area of Burhan Khaldun and here was born his son Bata
Sagaan." Bata Sagaan has a son Dobu Mergen, which married Alan-goa.
Father of Alan-Goa Horidoy became the first
noyon Hori-Tumat. He had three wives - Bargudzhin-goa, daughter Barguday -
Mergen, Sharaldai and Nagaaday. From Bargudzhin-goa he had one daughter - Alan-goa, born in Arik Us. She was mother
of Bordjigin – great grandfather of Genghis Khan.
Goa
Maral
Horidoy by his second wife had sons: Galzut,
Huatsay, Hubdut, Sharayt and Guchid, and from the third wife - Hargan, Hood
Bodongut, Halban, Batanay Sagan. Continuing to multiply, children have become heads
of 11 genera, and due to the fact that the name of their father was just
Horiday common name them, according to this, it was called by Hori. The names
of the sons are called top 11 Horinsk birth.
During the Mongol rule tribe Hori was withdrawn
in northeastern Mongolia, where he lived until the early 16th century, getting
into a relationship to one, then the other small Mongol Khanate.
After all, when the matriarch of Hori was
daughter Buyant Zasag Khan from Inner Mongolia and noble horinki Shene Gerel,
Balzhin Hatan, who married the son of the Mongol-Noyon Buubey Bailey Give
Huntayzhi, Hori went from Mongolia to their land, as they were leaving in the
IX century. Following them was equipped chase Buubey-Bailey returned the back
his son, running away with his wife, and later caught and Balzhin-Hatan. People
Buubey Bailey killed her, and cutting off his chest, threw them into the lake,
making it became white. Hori called this lake Balzhin-Nuur.
when the matriarch of Hori was Balzhin Hatan,
Hori went from Mongolia to their land, which they were leaving in the IX
century.
Flags and Coat of Arms
Each Hori tribe has its flag and coat of arms
The bright red flag has a gold frame. In circle
is an image of the dog – totem of Galzuud, the top is written in the Cyrillic
alphabet "galzuud" at the bottom of old Mongolian.
The yellow flag has a green frame. In circle is
an image of elk – totem of "huasay", the top is written in the
Cyrillic alphabet "huasay" at the bottom of old Mongolian.
The blue flag with a gold frame. The eagle is a
totem of "hubduud", the top is written in the Cyrillic alphabet
"hubduud" at the bottom of old Mongolian.
The brown
flag has a gold frame. In circle is image of lynx – hudays totem, the
top is written in the Cyrillic alphabet "Khudai," the bottom of the
old Mongolian.
The yellow flag with red ocher frame. In circle
is image of red deer - sharayts totem, the top is written in the Cyrillic
alphabet "sharayd" at the bottom of old Mongolian.
The black flag has a gold frame. In circle is image
of merlin - harganats totem, the top is written in the Cyrillic alphabet
"Hargan," the bottom of the old Mongolian.
The crimson flag with a gold frame. In circle is
an image of grouse - gushads totem, the top is written in the Cyrillic alphabet
"gushad" at the bottom of old Mongolian.
The brown
flag with a gold frame. In circle is an image of boar - bodonguts totem,
the top is written in the Cyrillic alphabet "bodonguud" at the bottom
of old Mongolian.
The white flag with a dark blue frame. In
circle is a picture of a wolf - Sagans totem, the top is written in the
Cyrillic alphabet "Sagaan" at the bottom of old Mongolian.
The black flag with a gold frame. In circle is
an image of column - halbins totem, the top is written in the Cyrillic alphabet
"halban" at the bottom of old Mongolian.
The green flag with a gold frame. In the circle
is a rabbit - batanays totem, the top is written in the Cyrillic alphabet
"batanay" at the bottom of old Mongolian.
Today Hori Buryats live in Yeravninsky,
Kizhinginsky, Khorinsky, and its small part in Mukhorshibirsky, Bichursky
aimags. Unlike the old flags each aimag, where Hori live, have today modern
flags.
Flag of Eravninsky aimag is made in the form of
a five-color Hadak. The upper blue color symbolizes the eternal blue sky. The
yellow color is a golden sun. The bottom two colors - red and green represent
all living beings with red blood on the green earth. The middle white separates
two worlds - top and bottom, and gives balance. On the flag we see a white swan
- mother of Hori. The flag has two red ribbons - zhodbon that carries security
function.
Flag of Horinsky aimag placed on a silver
shield. Flags of Russia and Buryatia are woven with ornament
"friendship." Here we see a pattern "Soyombo" - sun, moon
and fire - the eternal search. Also, there existents symbol of Hori - swan. 11 yurts represent 11 genera of Hori.
At the background of blue sky in the middle of
the Kishinga flag stands Subarga "Dzharun Khashor", which was
constructed only in our area, after Nepal. Floating Swan - Hori totem. Sun -
the source of life, warmth, and all life on our planet. The shape of musical
signs underlines a special musical gift Kizhinginsky sons and daughters of the
land. Chelsana Mountain - is one of the most revered sites, which protects
against various ills and "dark" forces, wishing good luck to all and
Spark (Soyombo) - the beginning of life and eternity on earth. Hitching post
birch - a symbol of hospitality, openness souls of our fellow countrymen.
Separately: lily (Ulaalzay) is listed in the Red Book of Buryatia, is the
personification of purity. The inscription "Hezhenge", acquiring a
crescent shape, symbolizes the mystery of life and the passage of time. Author:
Gomboev GG
Legends of Hori-Buryat
Babzha Baras Baatar
There are interesting legends and stories about
the historical figure, Taizhou (Prince) hori-Buryat Babzha Baras-bator, who in
the seventeenth century, who joined the fight against the Manchu aggression. It's
about the hero who protects your people, praised Herculean strength, mastery of
the bow.
Among the steppe in Yaruuna towering majestic
stone sculptures, and the marvelous beauty of the majestic gaze attack opens
the legendary Babzhi Baras-Bator - Hora-Shuluun, which means stone fence. Most
involve the stone pillars that seem large hedge or defensive attack, in which
are divided into three separate parts, and on the south side lined with loose
stones, like the door. According to legend, Babzhi Baras-Bator with his
brothers built a stone fence to stop the onslaught of enemies at night and
close your herd.
To the South-West from HoreoShuluun there is a
beautiful stone overhand with the height of 4-5 meters. There are some caves
inside it where the height is 2 meters and the width is 3 meters. Besides there
is a stone ground of Babzha-BarasBator with the hill of half a metre, the
length of 4-5 metres the width of 2-3 metres. There is also a dent in the
middle of the ground, where there was Babzha-Baras Bator’s head of the bed and
body. Further there is a train of rocky poles with the height of 5-6 metres and
its circle is 100 metres. Moreover there is anancient alphabet on the exterior
side of the rock.
Author: Лыгденов Жамбал. Институт ФСИН
России, Пермь, Россия
The symbolic expression of
traditional culture Hori.
Color symbolism
Color is a leading, organizing space beginning
that can cause the viewer an active emotional response. In Hori - Buryat
culture, color plays a big role, as each specific color has a specific meaning,
symbolizes a particular concept.
In the book "Time of Fire"
N.Angaraeva distributes four characters in districts inhabited by Buryats.
"Symbol of Tunka, Oka, Zakamenka - fire, the symbol of Aga, Horinsky area,
Yaruvny, and Kizhinga - the sky, a symbol of Ust-Orda - earth, a symbol of
Olkhon, Kurumkan, Barguzin - water." Based on the foregoing, we take the
liberty to endow color symbolism Buryat tribes. Fire is red, then Tunkinskie,
Oka, Zakamensky Buryats, tribes of hongodory are red. Once the sky and the
water is blue, the Hori-Buryat, kurumkantsy are blue Buryats. Ehirity, Bulagaty
with symbol as the earth are black Buryats.
Blue color
Foto: A. Ligdenova
In national symbols - the blue color represents
one of the two major higher powers - the Eternal Blue Sky (Huhe Munkhe Tengri).
Therefore, the symbolism of blue is for the Buryat culture one of the main
ethnic and cultural constants. In the mythology of the Buryat sky - a symbol of masculinity.
.Blue color serves to express the idea of
primordial ethnicity. Totemic ancestor Hori-Buryat is a swan, a creature that
is associated with the sky.
White color
Picture of N. Dudko
Especially significant attributive symbolic
white for such a mythological character, as the White Elder, the patron saint
of longevity, wealth, happiness, family welfare. Buddhism goes back to an idea
of ten whites of good deeds, cults of White Tara, God with white umbrella
(Sagaan Shyherte).
At Hori white color symbolizes the beginning,
the origins of something. That’s why the
beginning of the new year called "white month". Mouse, began a
twelve-cycle chronology, and is described as "a mouse with a white
mouth" (ama Sagan hulgana);
White color symbolizes a man. If about maternal
relatives say "Ulaan shuhan turel" (blood relatives), something about
his father's "Sagaan yahan turel" (relatives on the white bone).
Red color
Foto: A. Ligdenova
The red color - the color of joy symbolized
happiness, victory, kindness. The red color represents the image of the ancient
object of devotion - the Sun and associated with him, fire, light and heat,
without there is no life on Earth. In this regard, it should be emphasized that
the life-giving Ayusha Burhan, the god of longevity, red in color, in the hands
holding jar with immortality elixir.
Respect to the sun, which gives heat, meaning
and life, expressed in particular in the fact that the pommel hats drilled
crown red silk tassels and red ball (denze), symbolizing the sun and its rays.
Comparing the red sun with his soul, Hori believe that their soul will forever
soar as the sun overhead.
Symbolism of numbers
Just as things: shelter, clothing, food - in
addition to its primary function to meet vital human needs, are immersed
additional significant content and the number besides the main counting
functions have also added symbolic value. That’s why, the number - it is one of
the universal organizing principles by which nature is being developed and
created the culture itself.
The number "1"
Foto: D. Tsydipov
The number "1" - the beginning of a series of
numbers, expresses the concept of "all", the one, whole, indivisible.
The root word - "one" concept derived from it - one, the only,
connection, association, - one God, one universe, one sun, the moon, clan,
tribe - that is, that is not divided and is understood as a whole.
The number "2"
Foto: D. Tsydipov
The number "2" expresses various
steam semantic concepts in binary oppositions: black - white, good - bad, up -
down, life - death, good - evil, forward - backward, etc. At the same time, a
lot of positive pairs. Two celestial luminaries - the Sun and the Moon. Each
person has two of the most honored and loved ones – father and mother.
There are a lot of double names, place names:
Tsydenov-Yeshi, Badma Handa, Ulan-Ude, and other. Double word decorates speech.
The Hori say: "One child is not a
child." Therefore, at weddings they say good wishes: We wish two children,
both boys and girls.
The number "3"
Foto: D. Tsydipov
The number "3" - is one of the sacred
numbers in many nations, as in the material and spiritual culture, it is a sign
of the Earth.
The number "three" - a symbol of
happiness and joy, for it is the basis of all development. All restricted or
defined by three, because the beginning, middle, end contains the number of
all, and it contains the number "three".
The number "4"
Foto: D. Tsydipov
The number "4" corresponds to the
symbol of unity and integrity of creation. Since it involves the horizontal
development of the surrounding area - there are four points of the compass:
north - south, east - west, the four seasons - winter, spring, summer, autumn,
four elements: air, water, fire, earth, and 4 limbs in animals, humans .
In ancient times, Hori custom
"sahimzha" provided offering nominal meat four directions. This fact
indicates that the Hori has long respected the East-West, South-North and bowed
before them.
The number "5"
Foto: D. Tsydipov
The number "5" manifests itself in the historical, cultural
and sacred - magical contexts. According to color symbolism food is divided
into five groups: white, red, yellow, green and black. Hori have5 species of
animals bred: cows, horses, sheep, goats and camels. Animals and humans have
five senses: sight, smell, touch, hearing, taste. The world is composed of five
basic elements: wood, iron (metal), fire, earth, water.
The number "6"
Foto Z. Dorzhiev
Six in a figurative sense, means the universe: heaven, earth and the 4
corners of the earth, that closes the man from all sides.
The number "6" is a symbol of all living creatures, including
humans. There are 6 species of living beings, hell and ban under the ground,
animals and people on the ground, asuras and celestials in heaven.
The number "7"
Foto: P. Budaev
In the folklore of all tribes Hori often featured seven figure: -
"7 Elders", "Seventy languages." To enhance the
significance of the number 7 is often replaced by the number 70 or 77.
Seventy-seven layers has a "Mother Earth."
In uliger Hori Buryats "Hүheldүүr Mergen" refers to the
wedding custom of "9 varieties of food and 7 kinds of struggle" Our
informant R. Erdeni explained what are the 7 types of control exist between the
parties to the bride and groom: "1 - the fight for the bride, and 2 - the
fight for the cushion, 3 - battle for the sun, 4 - battle for the blade, and 5
- the struggle for sahimzha 6 - the fight for the door, 7 - witty debate.
"In this case, seven magical acts in the ancient wedding ceremony is aimed
at strengthening the prosperity.
The number "8"
Hori have developed over the allocation of the eight cardinal directions
- north, northeast, northwest, east, west, south, south-west, south-east.
Therefore, the sun spreads its light on all sides of the world, an imaginary
eight-pointed.
Number 8 controls the human life: up to 8 years of a child is considered
to be a god; 2 times 8 comes the maturity of a man 8 times 8 old age comes
The number "9"
The sun and moon are considered by Hori the creators of both people and
animals. B. Rinchen, said: "The people of Mongolian, whose father - a
golden moon, whose mother - a golden sun. Sun - an ancient totem of the
Mongols, who considered themselves the people of the sun and the moon
"(B.Rinchen, 1958, 72).
The number “nine” in Mongolian peoples including Hori is a sacred
number. "In the historical period we find sulde 9, 9 species of white
food, presented as a sign of acceptance of citizenship" (Tsybikov, 57).
"Number 9 was of symbolic value. The great banner of Genghis Khan
consisted of 9 parts, the main white - was in the center "(Olyadykova, 120).
The number "nine" in a non-mathematical, and the symbolic
meaning embodied in ritual objects. For example, the Hori Buryats isolated 9
species of white food: 3 liquid (milk, ayrag, Taragay), 3 soft (cream, butter,
salamat), 3 solid (dried curd, cheese, foams).
The number "10"
Foto: P. Budaev
“Ten” means something comprehensive, law,
order, authority. It is no accident with the number "ten" linked the
concept of "Arban Han" in Buddhism. These "Ten sahyuusanov"
(defenders) protect people from all sorts of misfortunes. This is a tantric
deity – Yamandaga, Mahakala, Gongara (White Mahakala), Shagdar, Sendema,
Shalshi, Namsaraya, Tsanba, Lhamo.
The numbers above 10
Foto: P. Budaev
Some historical sources say that at the Hori-Buryat
were 13 births, two were in Mongolia, so talking about 11 genera Horinsk
drilled. Also it is mentioned Sagansabskie petroglyphs 13 swans.
The number "40" is a symbol of
maturity. Popular wisdom says, "Four dogs cannot drive, cannot be forty
years of teaching." Previously, daughter, do not have voting rights,
reaching the age of forty, became full hostesses. Previously not allowed to
drink alcohol, a person has not reached forty years.
Symbolism of happiness
What is "happiness"? To quote from
the encyclopedia "Wikipedia": "Happiness is well-being, health,
long life." The opinions of our informants: "Happiness is warm in the
cold, the food when you are hungry, and the sun after the clouds." The
study of characters, bringing happiness, we carry in two directions. On the one
hand, it is animate objects (people, animals, insects), on the other hand -
this inanimate objects.
Group 1
1.
Horse,
sheep. If you go on the road and the first to come across a horse or sheep, it
will have good luck. These animals with hot breath are considered solar
animals.
2.
Mouse
- an animal that starts the 12-year cycle - the attribute of god Namsaraya, who
gives wealth to people. From the mouth of the mouse fall sacred stones,
chindamani (zendemeni) that bring people to the wealth, abundance.
3.
Moose
or elk. In a way, if the moose or elk crosses the road on the left to the
right, this is a happy sign.
Group 2
There are many auspicious ornaments,
symbolizing happiness.
1.
Ulzy - "twist" - an ancient
ornament, symbolizing happiness, prosperity, longevity.
2.
Ornament "Lanza hee." Hori
hang above the house door to do not go thieves. It performs security functions.
3.
Horn is a lot of cattle. The Hori source
of reference is to carry livestock, therefore, the symbol of happiness.
2.
Ornament "Yurts in a row" means a
wish to have many children, because children were considered as one of the
first resources.
References
1.
Электронная книга «Буряад хэлэн», 2010, ООО «Сансар»
2. В.Ш. Гунгаров. Отражение мифологических воззрений в легендах
и преданиях хори-бурят. / Традиционный фольклор бурят, Улан-Удэ, 1980).
3.
Б.Ринчен. Соёмбо – эмблема свободы и независимости
монгольского народа // Из нашего культурного наследия. – Улан-Батор, 1958. –
72с)
4.
Цыбиков Г. Ц. Буддист-паломник у святынь Тибета. — М.:
Ломоносовъ, 2011. — 344 с.
5.
Олядыкова Л.Б. Сакральный белый цвет в монгольских и
русском языках // Научная мысль Кавказа. Спецвыпуск. – Ростов-на-Дону: Изд-во
Сев.-Кавказ. науч. центра высш. школы, 2006. – № 5. – С. 118-124 (0,4 п.л.).
